Volume 13, Issue 26 (12-2023)
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Sadati N. Comparison of authorial perception in Ikhwan al-Safa’s view with Gestalt perception in art based on the relationship between the whole and the parts. mth 2023; 13 (26) : 4
URL: http://mth.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1972-en.html
URL: http://mth.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1972-en.html
Assistant Professor, Faculty of art, Semnan University, Iran. , n_sadati@semnan.ac.ir
Abstract: (161 Views)
The history of Islamic philosophy shows that before psychologists, philosophers discussed human functions in a part of philosophical study called "Psychology". Psychology known as Elm al-Nafs was discussed for many centuries and few philosophers, who had not discussed the topics of emotion, Perception, thinking and mental abilities. In the discussion of perception, especially authorial perception, there is an idea in Ikhwan al-Safa, which is not that different from the modern Gestalt theory. Gestalt theory, which studies the perceptual processes of the brain, states that the main function of the mind is holism. meaning that in the perception of a set or a structure, it is the whole structure that is perceived not its individual components. That is to say, the basis of thinking in Gestalt theory is that the general motifs are superior to the components that make them up and have properties that are not inherent in those elements themselves. The Ikhwan also believed that in the sum of existences such as numbers, shapes, sounds, tones, melodies, etc., there are attributes that are not in their components. The purpose of this article is to analyze and compare the concept of authorial perception Ikhwan al-Safa’s view with Gestalt perception theory in art.This article, which is written in descriptive-analytical method,is to familiarize with the formulation of the modern Gestalt theory in Islamic philosophy especially Ikhwan Al-Safa.The main question is how to explain the relationship between the whole and the parts in the Ikhwan al-Safa’s view and the theoretical foundations of Gestalt?The findings show that the two identical viewpoints are anthropological foundations, critical origin, holistic view, the relationship of the whole with parts and attention to abstract and invisible factors, and nonidentical viewpoints are the foundations of ontology.In terms of similarity,both consider perception to be the main function of the soul and mind, both consider the use of senses to be the necessary condition for perception, and both believe that in the perception of the whole, there is more understanding than the sum of the parts.The difference between these two, is that in Ikhwan al-Safa’s view, wholism is considered the result of God's destiny, the presence of the heart, God's care, and the influence of the heavens, but Gestaltists consider wholism to be the result of the mind's functioning and, in other words, natural, and ultimately the result of the training of the senses.
Article number: 4
Keywords: Ikhwan al-Safa, authorial perception, Gestalt, Gestalt perception, art, whole-part ratios.
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