Scientific Journal of Motaleate-e Tatbighi-e Honar

Sama, prevalent among some Sufis and manifesting in various forms across cultures and mystical traditions, is a significant aspect of Islamic mysticism. Among these orders, the Mevlevi order regards samā as one of its most essential rituals. Similarly, shamans have practiced a rite that closely resembles samā. In both traditions, music constitutes a fundamental element. Understanding the transcultural and transsocial dimensions of mystical music can serve as a key to exploring its origins, traditions, teachings, and ritualistic functions. However, these dimensions have received limited scholarly attention. This study seeks to answer two primary questions: What common functions does music perform within the Mevlevi order and shamanism? And do the structural elements of music in these two traditions activate specific neural mechanisms in the brain? Findings, based on neuroscientific research, indicate that the components and principles of music in both rituals_including rhythm and beat, tempo variation, rhythmic repetition, melody, and frequency_exert relatively similar effects on the human nervous system. Each of these musical elements can stimulate neurotransmitter activity, the secretion of pleasure-related hormones, and alterations in brainwave patterns. Drawing from the conducted research, it may be posited that music is among the most influential components and stimuli for inducing altered states of consciousness in various rituals and ceremonies. By examining how music is utilized to evoke altered states of consciousness and foster spiritual experiences across diverse cultural contexts, common psychological mechanisms underlying religious practices can be identified. Furthermore, in light of these similarities, one might assert that mystical music possesses transcultural dimensions shared among different religious groups.